What is not considered a proper deduction from gross income when calculating net operating income?

When calculating net operating income (NOI), proper deductions from gross income typically include expenses that are directly related to the operation of a property. These expenses reflect costs that impact the income generated by a property, allowing for an accurate portrayal of its profitability.

Income tax expense is not considered a proper deduction when calculating NOI. This is because NOI focuses on the operational aspects of a property and does not include financing costs or taxes. Instead, NOI calculation centers around revenues earned from the property and operational expenses required to maintain and manage the property.

Management charges, depreciation, and utilities expenses are all legitimate deductions from gross income. Management charges relate to the costs associated with overseeing the property, depreciation accounts for the loss of value of the property over time, and utilities expenses reflect the costs for essential services that help maintain the property's functionality. Each of these directly influences the operational profitability and thus, are included in the calculation of NOI.