Which technique divides income between land and improvements to estimate land value?

The land residual technique is specifically designed to separate the income generated from a property into two distinct components: the income attributable to the land and the income attributable to the improvements (such as buildings or other structures). This method is essential in real estate appraisal and is particularly useful in situations where income data is available but direct land sales information may not be.

In practice, the technique calculates the total income produced by a property, deducts the estimated income that the improvements generate, and thereby isolates the income that can be attributed solely to the land. By doing this, appraisers can arrive at a value for the land itself, which is critical for assessments in various scenarios, such as development potential or investment analysis.

The other techniques mentioned do not specifically focus on dividing income between land and improvements in the way the land residual technique does. The direct capitalization technique typically involves converting an expected income stream into property value without separating the land and improvements. The cost approach method estimates value based on the cost to replace the improvements minus depreciation, and the band-of-investment technique deals more with financing and investment returns rather than directly evaluating land income separately from improvements.