Which term refers to a reduction in property value due to external negative factors?

The term that specifically refers to a reduction in property value due to external negative factors is economic obsolescence. This type of obsolescence occurs when an external influence, such as changing zoning laws, the development of a nearby undesirable facility, or broader economic downturns, negatively impacts the desirability and market value of a property. Unlike other forms of obsolescence, economic obsolescence stems from external forces outside the control of the property owner, making it distinct in the context of property valuation.

In contrast, depreciation generally refers to the overall reduction in value due to any factor over time, while functional obsolescence pertains to issues within the property itself, such as outdated design or poor layout that affects its functionality and appeal. Physical deterioration relates specifically to the wear and tear of the property due to age or neglect, focusing solely on the physical aspects rather than external market conditions.